Surplus school property
This page includes information on rationalising school property and the Crown disposal process.
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- Surplus school property
- Rationalising surplus school property
- Relocating surplus buildings
- Demolishing school buildings
- Crown disposal process
- List of disposals underway
- Receiving proceeds from the sale of surplus school property
- Merging or closing schools
- More information
Surplus school property
Surplus school property is defined in 3 fundamental ways.
- More than 4 surplus teaching spaces that aren’t likely to be needed to accommodate roll growth.
- Land that is not being used and is unlikely to be needed.
- Other buildings such as houses, dental clinics or halls that are surplus to requirements.
Rationalising surplus school property
Teaching spaces are defined as surplus based on the school property guide (SPG) entitlement.
It is important that boards plan to rationalise any surplus property that is no longer being used, as these can put an unnecessary burden on a school’s maintenance and operational budget. For example, a school will not receive funding for any additional teaching space defined as surplus in accordance with a school’s SPG entitlement.
Rationalisation plan
A rationalisation plan needs to be developed and provided to the Ministry if a school has more than 4 surplus teaching spaces.
This plan is developed by taking an overview of the property on the school site and determining what property to retain, what property to dispose of, and the best way to dispose of any surplus property.
The rationalisation plan should be included in the school’s 10 Year Property Plan (10YPP), and there should not be any projects to upgrade buildings that are surplus to requirements and will be rationalised.
Rationalisation options
The rationalisation of surplus property can be achieved by:
- relocating buildings to another school site where there is need
- demolishing buildings, particularly if they have passed their economic lifespan
- putting buildings/land into the Crown disposal process.
We encourage schools with surplus property to release it back to the Ministry. If the property is surplus to education requirements it can then be sold through the Crown disposal process.
Following this sale, schools receive some or all of the proceeds under the Surplus Property Disposal Incentive Scheme (SPDIS). Land (and buildings) can be sold through the Crown disposal process if deemed surplus to educational requirements.
We have the responsibility to determine whether property should instead be rationalised or retained for roll growth.
Relocating surplus buildings
Relocatable classrooms, also referred to as portable or transportable classrooms, can often be relocated from one school site to another, provided they are fit for use.
Reasons include:
- rationalising surplus buildings
- relieving property shortages at the receiving school
- managing temporary classroom shortages (for example, after a fire).
Should the roll fall at the receiving school, or there is no longer the same need for it, the relocatable can be moved to another site. Relocatable buildings belong to the Ministry so cannot be sold by the board. But, if surplus, they can be released to the Ministry for use elsewhere.
Demolishing school buildings
Demolition is a means of disposing surplus permanent and relocatable buildings, and Ministry consent must be sought before a surplus school building is demolished.
To action a demolition, schools must prepare a demolition plan that involves reasonable costs. If the plan is approved by the Ministry, the school will be advised of the budget for the project, which must meet Ministry project management requirements.
We will fund the demolition of surplus buildings if:
- it is part of an approved 10YPP
- the buildings are past their economic life
- other rationalisation options are impractical – for example, the building cannot be relocated or put into the disposal process
- demolition is practical and the required funding is available.
This funding will not be granted if schools wish to demolish a building as part of a modernisation project. For example, if it is the intention of the school to use 5 Year Agreement (5YA) funding to replace an old building with a new one, the demolition costs must be included in the 5YA project budget.
Crown disposal process
All Crown disposals are governed by current Government policy and by Section 40 of the Public Works Act 1981.
Section 40 of the Public Works Act 1981 – New Zealand Legislation(external link)
There are several obligations that need to be observed throughout the disposals process, many of which can take an extended period of time to address.
Obligations throughout the disposals process
We need to consider:
- whether government organisations wish to use the land
- giving former owners the opportunity to buy the land or take back the land (in the event the land was originally gifted)
- Māori Land Court procedures and the Treaty settlement process
- issues such as the separation or amalgamation of titles in the instance that land is across multiple parcels
- heritage buildings.
Steps in the disposal process
Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) manage the disposal on behalf of the Ministry following the process outlined below.
- If the property is needed for a public work, it may be transferred to another Government department or local territorial authority.
- If the property is not transferred for a public work, it will be offered back to the previous owner or their beneficial successors. If the land was initially gifted to the Crown, then it must be offered back to the previous owner at no cost. However, should the previous owner choose to accept the land, they are required to pay for any Ministry-funded improvements (for example, buildings).
- The Crown’s obligations under Te Tiriti o Waitangi are investigated. If the property is in an area subject to a Treaty settlement, the property will usually be subject to a right of first refusal. If not, the property is submitted to Te Arawhiti (Office for Māori Crown Relations) for consideration under the Māori Protection Mechanism. If the property is approved for purchase, it will be held in the Treaty Settlements Landbank until the claim is settled by the Government. While in the landbank, the property has no further ties to the Ministry.
- If the property is neither purchased by iwi nor land banked, it is advertised on the open market for sale.
Treaty settlements programme
It is important to note that the above process does not apply to any land that has been previously transferred to iwi under a sale and leaseback arrangement. The land is no longer owned by the Crown because it is leased from the iwi landlord. Therefore neither the Ministry nor the board have any rights to sell the land.
Negotiations could occur between the iwi and the Crown for the Treaty settlement lease to be amended to reflect a smaller leased area of land, however these discussions occur on a case-by-case basis.
Initiating the disposal process
Disposal cannot occur without the written consent of the board. If a school wishes to dispose of any surplus property, they must advise their property advisor and provide:
- a letter signed both by the principal and the board chair asking the Ministry to put the property into disposal
- a copy of board minutes recommending the disposal.
If the property advisor supports disposal, the Ministry will then investigate if it is workable.
We will need to identify:
- any issues with existing service connections such as power, water and sewage
- the provision of ongoing access to surrounding land
- whether the property should be retained for other education purposes.
If the costs associated with disposal are likely to be higher than the sale value of the property, we will consider whether putting the property into the Crown disposal process is the best option or whether other options such as demolition would be more appropriate.
Withdrawing from Crown disposal
A property cannot be withdrawn from the Crown disposal process.
It is important that schools who wish to dispose of any property record the decision and make sure that all board members and the principal are aware that the property cannot be withdrawn from the disposal process.
The decision is also binding for future principals and boards.
Using the property
While the property is going through the disposal process, it can continue to be used by the school. However, it must continue to be maintained in the same way and to the same standard as other school property.
Schools will continue to get normal property maintenance funding for any property in disposal up until the property is sold, transferred or land banked.
Disposal of non-core houses
We have a programme to dispose of all non-core houses – houses that are no longer required for recruiting and retaining teachers.
The Crown disposal process does not allow for a non-core house to be sold directly to sitting tenants. However, they are able to bid for the house if it is put up for sale on the open market.
List of disposals underway
Find out what school land or buildings are currently in the disposal process:
- List of surplus school property [PDF, 140 KB] (Updated 30 June 2024)
This document shows:
- properties currently in the Crown disposal process
- the contact person for inquiries
- a disposal status column indicating current progress for each property.
Properties where the disposal status is shown as 'open market sale' may be available to the public to purchase.
Receiving proceeds from the sale of surplus school property
Under SPDIS, schools receive a share of the net sale proceeds after all disposal costs have been paid. The percentage of net proceeds received by the school depends on the type of property being sold.
- General land and building proceeds: schools receive 50% of the net proceeds from the sale of surplus non-housing land and buildings.
- School housing proceeds: schools receive 100% of the net proceeds from the sale of a school or caretaker house.
Any net proceeds received by a school are added into their current 5YA budget, and these funds must be used to meet the goals of the school’s 10YPP.
- Should any proceeds be retained by the Ministry, they are reinvested back into the wider school property portfolio.
- If any land is sold that was originally gifted to the Crown, schools only receive a share of the net proceeds of any improvements (for example, buildings) because the Ministry then returns the land to the former owner (or their successors) at no cost.
Merging or closing schools
When a school closes, administration of all of its assets, including school and caretaker houses, reverts to the Ministry.
This also includes core houses managed or owned by the board, as the board dissolves in the event the school closes. This process is covered by section 199 of the Education and Training Act 2020.
If a school merges with another, all the board’s assets, debts and liabilities are transferred to the continuing school’s board, except for the previous school’s existing land and buildings. This process is covered by section 206 of the Education and Training Act.
With the now vacated site, the Ministry will consider if the land is needed for an education purpose, or if it is surplus to education requirements. If the land is declared as surplus, the Ministry will put it into the Crown disposal process. The Ministry will decide whether to demolish or otherwise remove all improvements on a closed school site prior to disposal.
At the time of the merger, the Ministry will consider if the continuing school needs any houses that may have been on the closed school site for the purpose of recruiting and keeping teachers. If the continuing school needs the houses, the Ministry will assess if the houses can be subdivided off the closed school site.
In this instance, the Ministry will pay for the subdivision costs, as well as continuing to manage any houses transferred across to the continuing school. Should the continuing school have no need for the houses, they will be put into the Crown disposal process with the rest of the land and improvements from the closed school site.
Education and Training Act 2020 – New Zealand Legislation(external link)
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